The  seven wonders of the world refer to the seven magnificent man-made  landscapes in the known world in the eyes of ancient Westerners.The  earliest statement of the seven wonders of the world was made by the  traveler Antiparker in the third century B.C., and another by Philo, a  Byzantine scientist in the second century B.C.

Since  most of the ancient miracles have been destroyed, later generations put  forward the seven miracles of the Middle Ages in the world.In addition, Lowell Thomas, an American, once put forward the seven wonders of nature in the world.In  2001, the New Seven Miracles Foundation (founded by Bernard Weber of  France, founded in 2001) launched the online election of the New Seven  Miracles.

Essential information

Chinese name

Seven Wonders of the world

Foreign name

Seven wonders of the world

Presenter

Antipater

Propose time

3rd century BC

geographical position

Nile River Basin, Mesopotamia, Aegean Sea

Present situation

Only the Pyramid of Houf in Egypt

The  Mediterranean Sea is the largest inter-continental sea on the planet.  It is situated between three continents in Europe, Asia and Africa. It  connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Strait of Gibraltar. It has smaller  winds and waves, no ice-capped sea, winding coastlines, numerous  islands and many natural ports.Along  the eastern coast of the Mediterranean, from the Nile Delta, Levant,  Crescent fertile soil, Mesopotamia to Anatolia, many important human  civilizations have been bred. From the first 40 th century to the first 2  th century, there have been the earliest two river civilizations of  mankind, Babylon and ancient Egypt of the four ancient civilizations,  ancient Greece, the ancestor of Western civilization, and ancient Rome  of the Intercontinental Great Empire, which are called "the sway of  civilization".Cradle of civilization.Folding Editor's History Background

From  the beginning of the 11th century to the 8th century, the unique  city-state social structure of ancient Greek civilization gradually took  shape. Through the flourishing maritime trade, along the Mediterranean  colonial development, the ancient Greek crew brought to the city-states  what they saw and heard at sea.

In  the first five centuries, Herodotus, an ancient Greek, traveled to the  Mediterranean coastal countries in order to study the Greek War, and  compiled the collected data into History (Greek:

In  334, Alexander the Great led the ancient Greek army across Hellespan  (now the Dardaniel Strait), conquered the Persian Empire, crossed the  Hindu Kush Mountains into India and returned.So far, ancient Greece reached its heyday, building many representative major projects, buildings and monuments.Born  in Libya, an ancient Greek colony, a famous poet, scholar and  bibliographer, Calimacus (Greek: a lambda mu_) wrote a document entitled  A collection of wonders in the world when he was in the library of  Alexandria Harbor, Egypt at that time. It is now lost.

In  the first two centuries, after four Macedonian wars, ancient Greece was  conquered by the Roman Republic, and Roman culture was deeply  influenced by the ancient Greek culture.Legend  has it that Philo, a Byzantine pioneer of mechanics, wrote the Seven  Wonders of the World in the first 224 years, and the great buildings  listed became the existing "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" and are  now lost.Until  the seventh and eighth centuries A.D., the historian of Northumbria  Kingdom in medieval England, Peter (also known as Venerable Bede or  Saint Bede), wrote a paper entitled "On the Seven Wonders of the World"  (Latin: de Septem Mundi Miraculis), describing the seven wonders of the  world listed by Philo, which is the earliest complete record in  existence.

In  addition, around 140 years ago, Antipater of Sidon, a Greek poet living  in Saida, wrote a poem praising the achievements of the world and  listed seven miracles, which are the same as the seven miracles of the  ancient world except the Alexander Lighthouse.[1]

Ancient wonders

Giza Pyramid

Egypt's Giza Pyramid was built around 2700-2500 B.C.

Location of construction: near Giza near Cairo, Egypt.

Architectural features:

There  are 80 existing pyramids in Egypt, the largest of which was built  around 2600 B.C. in Giza, all of which were built by hand.How  did the ancient Egyptians carve stone and build mausoleums? The layout  of the internal passages and mausoleums of the mausoleums is like a  labyrinth. There are still different opinions on how the ancient  Egyptians built them.The polished grey limestone blocks that initially covered the pyramid almost disappeared.What we see now is the pale yellow limestone boulder beneath, revealing its internal structure.In  the centre of the pyramid there is a tomb, which can be accessed from  the tunnel. On the top of the tomb there are several large stones  weighing tens of tons.The built pyramids are used as mausoleums.Ancient  Egyptians believed in immortality after death, and the tombs in the  pyramids were initially filled with gold and valuables.

Legend:

Before  the Third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, both princes and ministers were  buried in a rectangular tomb made of mud bricks after the death of  ordinary people. Ancient Egyptians called it "Mastaba".Later, a clever young man, Imhotep, invented a new method of building tombs for Egyptian Pharaoh Zuosai.He  replaced mud bricks with square stones from the top and constantly  revised the design of the mausoleum, and eventually built a six-step  trapezoidal pyramid, which is the prototype of the pyramid we see.It looks like the Chinese character "gold", so the Chinese people write it as "pyramid" (the original is pyramid).The tower mausoleum designed by Imhotep is the first stone mausoleum in Egyptian history.

Historical Origins:

The great pyramids along the Nile River were the tombs built by the ancient Egyptian Pharaohs themselves.It is said that there are nearly 100 pyramids in Egypt, mostly built in the third to sixth dynasties of Egypt.Some pyramids with a history of more than 4,000 years are mainly located in the capital and the West Bank of the Nile River.The Pyramid of Giza belongs to King Kafra on the left and King Kufu on the right. There is a sphinx near it.The main building materials are limestone and some are granite.The  three largest and best preserved pyramids were built by three emperors  of the fourth dynasty, Khufu, Khafra and Menkaura, from 2600 BC to 2500  BC.The  pyramid of Houf is 146.6m high and 230.35m long at the bottom; the  pyramid of Haifra is 143.5m high and 215.25m long at the bottom; the  pyramid of Menkaura is 66.4m high and 108.04m long at the bottom.

The  largest of the three pyramids is the Khufu Pyramid. In front of the  Khufu Pyramid, there is a Sphinx, which is 2 meters long in ears and 15  meters long in claws.It  is an almost solid megalithic body, built of more than 2 million  megalithic stones, each weighing an average of two and a half tons.Groups of people hauled the boulders up the slopes of the ground and built them around the pyramids in a scaffolding fashion.Beside the pyramids are small pyramids and rectangular tabletop mausoleums of royalty and nobility.

Statue of Zeus at Olympia

Introduction  to the Colossus of Zeus: Zeus is the God of the Greek gods, the main  god of Olympia. The statue of Zeus built for worship is the largest  indoor statue in the world. The Temple of Zeus where the statue of Zeus  is located is the birthplace of the Olympic Games.Philo of Byzantium wrote about the seven wonders: "We are proud of the other six wonders and revere the image of Zeus."

Zeus Temple:

Zeus Temple is the religious center of ancient Greece.The  temple is located in the middle of a vast plain on the banks of the  Erisos River, southeast of the Acropolis in Greece. It was ruled by  Zeus, the God of the ancient Greek gods. It was a hilly area with yellow  hills, but in ancient Greece, it was surrounded by green valleys and  clear streams with elegant scenery. It was also the religious center of  the time.In  ancient Greece, the area was outside the walls of Athens. In the  Hadrian era, in order to expand the size of Athens, the walls were  extended outwards, and the temple was brought into the city.

The  Temple began construction in 470 B.C. and was completed in 456 B.C. as a  Doric-style building designed by the architect Libon of the Illis. The  statue of Zeus was carved by the sculptor Pheidias.

The  Zeus Temple itself is Doricorder, with limestone covered with limestone  and marble. Its top is supported by 34 17-meter-high Corinthian  pillars, covering an area of 41.1 metres by 107.75 metres. The stone  statues in front and behind the temple are carved from marble on the  island of Paros.Many statues on the herringbone eaves on the west side of the temple are in Athenian style.

Zeus:

As  for Zeus, the protagonist of the temple, he used the so-called  "chryselephantine" technology, which is a wooden scaffold with  ivory-carved muscles and gold dresses.It took eight years to complete the throne, which was also gold-covered with ebony, precious stones and glass.

In  the traveler Pausanias's Travel to Greece, the statue of Zeus is  described in detail. It is recorded in the book: "The main body of Zeus  is made of wood, the bare part of his body is covered with ivory, and  his clothes are covered with gold.The  crown is made of olive branches on the top of the head, the statue of  the goddess of victory made of ivory and gold in the right hand, and a  wand made of various dazzling metals in the left hand, with a vulture  resting on the top of the wand.

As  for his throne, statues of the three goddess of elegance and the three  goddess of season (spring, summer and winter) are carved on his head and  behind his head. The legs and feet are decorated with dancing goddess  of victory, Sphinx and other Greek gods, with a width of 6.55 meters and  a height of 1 meter at the bottom.Excluding  thrones, a statue about 13 meters tall corresponds to a modern  four-storey building, making Zeus sitting on the throne with his head  almost above the top of the temple.

Behind the statue hangs a sacred mantle looted from the temples of Jerusalem.Phidias  planned the changes more precisely, including the light from the temple  gate to the statue. In order to make the face of the statue more  beautiful and bright, he built a huge shallow olive oil pool with black  marble inside, which reflected the light with olive oil.During the standing period, more workers came to wipe the ivory, called "Fidias polisher".One visitor said:'I can tell you the size of the statue, but I can't describe the impression.'

The gods accepted the worship of people for more than 900 years, but in the end Christ ended everything.In  393 AD, the Roman Emperor Theodsius I resolutely issued a decree to  stop competition, and the ancient Olympic Games were also terminated in  that year.Then,  in 426 AD, a pagan Temple destruction order was issued, so the statue  of Zeus was destroyed, the studio of Phidias was changed into a church,  and ancient Greece was destroyed. The decadent pillars in the temple  collapsed in the earthquakes of 522 AD and 551 AD, and the stone was  demolished and rebuilt as a fortress against barbarian aggression.Fortunately,  the statue had been shipped to Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey's  largest city), where Louisie, the castrate minister, had been kept in  the palace for 60 years, but was eventually destroyed in the city riots.

The Colossus of Rhodes

Rhode Island Helios Colossus Rhode Island Helios Colossus

The Colossus of Rhodes, Greece, is the most mysterious of the seven wonders. It was built at the entrance of the port of Rhodes.It is a bronze statue of Helios, the Greek sun god, about 33 meters high.Because  it was destroyed by an earthquake in 226 B.C. in just 56 years,  archaeologists could not even determine its exact location and  appearance.

Construction time: 282 B.C.

Location of construction: Aegean Sea, Port Rhode, Greece

Historical Origins:

The Rhodes Colossus is located in the port of the Greek island of Rhodes to the Mediterranean Sea.Rhode  Island is an important business center in BC. It is located at the  junction of the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The port of Rhode  was built in 408 BC.Rhode  Island has historically been ruled by many spheres of influence,  including Mosoros (his mausoleum is also one of the seven wonders) and  Alexander the Great.But after Alexander the Great returned to heaven, the whole island was plunged into a long war.Macedonia's aggressor, Dmitry, surrounded the port with 40,000 troops (more than the entire island's population).After a hard war, the Rhode Islanders defeated the invaders.To celebrate the victory, they decided to build a statue with the bronze weapons abandoned by the enemy.The statue was built for twelve years and is about 33 meters tall, about the same height as the statue of liberty in New York.Legend  has it that the statue stands on two legs separately in the harbor and  boards the ship only from the middle of its legs. It is very spectacular  and interesting.The  statue was actually Helios, the Greek Sun God and their patron god.  Designed by architect Chares, it was completed in 282 B.C. after twelve  years of construction. The statue was 33 metres high, built of marble,  then wrapped in bronze, and later used as a lighthouse.Unfortunately, the Colossus of Rhode Island has only existed for 57 years as a spectacle.The  earthquake in 226 B.C. knocked down the great statue, and its fragile  knees became the fatal wound of the statue. The statue has since fallen  to the shore near Port Mandraki.In  654 AD, Rhode Island was invaded by Arabs, and the invaders transported  the remains to Syria, so that the Colossus completely disappeared.As the remains of the Colossus were moved elsewhere, this spectacular expedition was made more difficult.

hanging gardens of babylon

Babylonian Hanging Garden Composition Babylonian Hanging Garden Composition

Babylon's  aerial gardens, of course, are not suspended in the air. The origin of  the name is due to the incorrect translation of the Greek word  "kremastos" and the Latin word "pensilis" into "suspended space".Like the Rhode Island Colossus, archaeologists have so far failed to find the remains of the Hanging Garden.

Construction time: about the 6th century B.C.

Location: Babylon, east of the Euphrates River, about 50 miles south of Baghdad, Iraq

Historical Origins:

It  is generally believed that the Hanging Garden was built by King  Nebuchadnezzar II (604 - 562 BC) to comfort the homesick Princess  Amyitis, following her hometown on the hill.It  is said that slaves would rotate machinery and draw a lot of water from  the Euphrates below to irrigate the flowers and plants in the aerial  garden.

Architectural features:

The most amazing part of the Hanging Garden in Babylon is the water supply system.Because  there is not much rain in Babylon and the remains of the Hanging Garden  are far away from the Euphrates River, historians believe that the  Hanging Garden should have a lot of water conveying equipment.Some  documents record that the king sent hundreds of slaves to push the axle  every day, and put the pump into the groove to supply water to the  garden from the groove.Another problem is maintenance, because ordinary buildings cannot withstand the erosion of rivers for years without collapsing.Because  there are not many stones in the Mesopotamian plain, the researchers  believe that the bricks used in the Hanging Garden are unusual. They are  added to reeds, asphalt and debris. More literature indicates that  stones are added to a layer of lead to prevent rivers from seeping into  the foundation.After  layers of protection, the top of the garden was covered with stone  bricks, covered with lead sheets, and finally planted with a variety of  exotic flowers and plants, which was very spectacular from a distance.

The Temple of Artemis

Artemis  is the Greek goddess of the moon, the hunting goddess and the sister of  Apollo, while Roman mythology calls her Diana, the Egyptian calls her  Bastet and the Arabs call her Lat.In ancient Greece, the goddess Artemis was highly respected, so the temple of Artemis, one of the seven wonders, was built.

Construction time: about 550 B.C.

Location: In the ancient Greek city of Ephesus, about 50 km south of today's Izmir (Smyrna) in Turkey

Architectural features;

The temple building is based on marble and covered with wooden roofs.The  architect of the whole building is Josihon and his son. Its greatest  feature is that there are two rows of columns, at least 106 columns,  each about 12 to 18 meters high.The base of the temple is about 60 times 120 meters.

Historical Origins:

Fires destroyed in 356 B.C. and the temple built after the site died in 262 A.D.Artemis  Temple has been rebuilt seven times. The first Artemis Temple was  designed by architects Samos, Josihon and his son Mettagenas in 550  B.C., supported by Ionian marble pillars. It was the first largest  building built entirely of marble at that time.The  whole building was decorated with bronze, silver, gold and ivory  reliefs by famous artists such as Phidias, Polyclitus, Kresilas and  Phradmon. The statue of the goddess Artemis was placed in the central  U-shaped altar for worship.Finally, the temple was destroyed by St. John Chrysostom in 401 A.D. due to the conversion of the Episodes to Christianity.

The Tomb of King Mosolas

The  Mausolos Temple in Halikanasus, the tomb of King Mosolas, is about 45  meters high. The top of the base is a ladder-shaped pyramid. The statue  of King Mosolas of the Kingdom of Calia may stand at the top.The mausoleum was destroyed in an earthquake in the third century A.D.

Construction time: about 353 B.C.

Location of construction: Southwest Turkey

Architectural features:

The great white marble mausoleum was built for Mosolas and his wife.The  whole building was designed by two Greek designers, decorated with  exotic sculpture patterns on the outside and a statue of Mosolas on the  top.As soon as it was built, it became well known and was destroyed by a major earthquake in the early 3rd century A.D.The British Museum in London also has a few remaining sculptures in its collection.Mausolos  Cemetery is located in Halikanasus. Its bottom building is rectangular.  Its area is 40 metres by 30 metres and its height is 45 metres. The  pier wall is 20 metres high, the pillar is 12 metres high, the pyramid  is 7 metres high and the carriage statue at the top is 3 metres high.The building is enclosed by pier walls.The  sculptures of the Mausolos Tomb are made by four famous sculptors,  Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas and Timotheus, each responsible for one side  of the tomb.

Historical Origins:

At  the beginning of the 15th century, Halikanasus was occupied, and the  new rulers built a huge castle, so in 1494 some of the stones from the  Mausoleum of Mosolas were used as building materials. Many sculptures  still survived and were stored in museums in London, England. Since the  19th century, archaeological excavations have been carried out at the  Mosolas Temple, which provided a lot of information about Mosolas.Information on Solas's Cemetery.

The Lighthouse of Alexandria

Following  the orders of Ptolemy, the first Pharaoh of the Ptolemy Dynasty who  ruled Egypt after Alexander the Great (King of Macedonia), the  Lighthouse of Alexandria was built on an artificial island in 300 BC.Due  to vague historical records, the estimated height is between 115-150  meters (377-492 feet), built of shiny white limestone or marble.

Construction time: about 300 B.C.

Location: On the island of Pharos near Alexandria, Egypt.

Historical Origins:

Shortly  after Alexander the Great's death, one of his men, Ptolemy Soter,  dominated Egypt and built it in Alexandria. Given the danger of the sea  lanes near Alexandria Port, Ptolemy Soter ordered architects Sostratus  and Alexandria Library/Mouseion to work together to build Alexandria  Lighthouse, which was built at 290 B.C.Completed in 2003.

When Alexander's lighthouse was built, its height deserved to make it the tallest building in the world at that time.His designer was the Greek architect Sorschatus.An  Arab traveler wrote in his notes: "The lighthouse is built on three  steps. At its top, it reflects sunlight with a mirror during the day and  guides ships with fire at night."For 1500 years, Alexander's Lighthouse has been guiding sailors into the harbour at night.It was also the last of the six miracles (except the Giza Pyramid in Egypt) to disappear.The great earthquake of the fourteenth century completely destroyed it.After the collapse, the foundation was used as a fortress until Alexandria sank.

The  Fallos Lighthouse is absolutely different from the other six wonders,  because it is not religious in any way. It was built for the people's  real life. The lights of the Fallos Lighthouse shine on the whole port  of Alexandria at night, protecting the ships at sea. In addition, it was  also the tallest building in the world at that time.

Legend of Alexander Lighthouse: Alexander Harbour

Alexander  the Great of Macedonian Empire built a new city, Alexandria, west of  the Nile Estuary in Egypt in 332 BC. After Alexander the Great died, the  Ptolemy Dynasty in Egypt began to rise, and Alexander became the  capital of the Ptolemy Dynasty and flourished, with Alexander in  Alexandria.The  joint location of Africa, Africa and Europe, as well as the ports to  the Nile and Mediterranean, can imagine how Alexandria prospered, how  the world's commerce developed, and Alexandria's Pharos Island, one of  the seven wonders of the world, shines on the port.

There are also a number of temples and the Egyptian King's Palace and a large number of other building relics.Despite  Alexandria's prosperity, today Alexandria is completely different.  Scientists believe that most of these buildings have fallen due to a  major earthquake in the fourth century A.D. Scientists have carried out  many excavations in Alexandria Harbour. In one excavation in 1996,  French experts claimed that large-scale excavations were found on the  seabed of Alexandria Harbour.Ancient relics, but also found ancient roads and paving traces of the road.Investigators  found a two-eared long-necked bottle that sank into the sea in ancient  times. It was a kind of pot in ancient Greece. It had two handles on it  and was used for transporting trade goods such as wine.The  team also found the head of the Pharaoh statue. The staff fixed the  pharaoh's head with metal tools and then used balloons to bring it to  the surface of the water. This investigation was conducted at the  possible location of the lighthouse in Fallos. The size of the statue  can be imagined as long as the head of the statue is compared with the  staff next to it.

With  these discoveries, many investigations have uncovered thousands of  relics, and most of them weigh from several tons to dozens of tons. From  these relics, we can gradually imagine the appearance of the mysterious  Fallos Lighthouse.Because  of the prosperity of Alexandria and the backwardness of the  Orienteering technology in ancient times, it can be imagined that the  Fallos Lighthouse shining on the whole harbor played an extremely  important role in protecting the lives of the ancient crew.Whether  future generations of mankind can have a clearer understanding of the  Fallos Lighthouse depends on whether the government and experts will  attach importance to the excavation of Alexandria Port.If  the excavation of Alexandria Harbour can be further developed, more  building features can be recreated and more people can appreciate this  unique beauty.

Medieval wonders

Since most of the ancient miracles have been destroyed, seven miracles of the Middle Ages in the world have been put forward.

Italian Ancient Roman Coliseum

Colosseum,  an ancient Roman Colosseum in Italy, was a place where slave owners,  nobles and free people could watch beasts or slave fights in the Roman  Empire.

Colosseo,  also translated as the Colosseo, Colosseo, Colosseo, Colosseum,  Colosseum, Colossim and Grossem, was originally named Amphitheatrum  Flavium. It was built between 72 and 82 A.D. and is a symbol of ancient  Roman civilization.The site is located in the centre of Rome, the capital of Italy, south of Venice Square, near the ancient Roman market.

On the outside, it is round; on the overlook, it is oval.It  covers an area of about 20,000 square meters. Its long axis is about  188 meters, its short axis is about 156 meters, its circumference is  about 527 meters, and its wall is about 57 meters high. This huge  building can accommodate nearly 90,000 spectators.

Alexander's Underground Mausoleum

The  underground Mausoleum of Alexandria, located in the Mariute Desert  southwest of Alexandria, Egypt, was listed on the World Heritage List in  1980.Its  vast territory and luxurious building materials, in the 3rd century AD,  Egypt's martyr Menas also buried here, its cemetery became one of  Egypt's first Christian pilgrimage sites.

Alexander's  mausoleum has disappeared from history since the end of the fourth  century, so no one in Alexander could answer this question when  travelers from afar explored the conqueror's mausoleum to the local  people.The excavation of the underground mausoleum began in 1905, and the outline of the modern holy city has been known to the world.

The excavation began in 1905 and the outline of the modern holy city is known to the world.Architectural  layout is as follows: the cathedral is in the middle, its front is the  atrium covering the mausoleum and the former altar site; corresponds to  the cathedral is an octagonal sacred washroom; in the south, namely, the  back of the main building, there are monasteries, believers'rooms,  bathrooms and workshops; in the north and east, there is a church, which  is called the "Oriental" church just located in the center of the  monastery.The building is likely to be Alexander's underground mausoleum.

Great Wall

The Great Wall of China, also known as the Great Wall, is a military project in ancient China.The Great Wall was built in the Zhou Dynasty.The princes of Zhou Youwang's beacon fire play are the earliest allusions about the Great Wall.

In  2012, the State Administration of Cultural Relics declared that the  total length of the Great Wall of successive dynasties in China was  21196.18 km. It was distributed in 15 provinces and regions, including  Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin,  Heilongjiang, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Qinghai, including the  wall, trench, single building, Guanbao and related facilities of the  Great Wall.

Earlier,  the State Administration of Cultural Relics published the survey data  of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty for the first time in 2009. The  total length of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty in China was 8851.8  kilometers.It is one of the ten wonders of the world.

Stonehenge

Stonehenge is made up of huge stones, each weighing about 50 tons.Its  main axis, the ancient road leading to the pillars, and the sun rising  in the early morning of the summer solstice are on the same line. In  addition, there are two connecting stones pointing to the direction of  the winter solstice sunset.Founded  around 4000-2000 B.C., it is a famous prehistoric cultural Temple site  in Europe, located in Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England.

2008From  March to April, British archaeologists found that Stonehenge was  accurately constructed around 4300 years ago, that is, around 2300 B.C.

2013In  August, archaeologists revealed that at least 63 human bones were found  in the excavation of Stonehenge, which was supposed to have been a  cemetery in the first place, and only about 100 years later did  Stonehenge begin to be built.

Glass Pagoda of Dabao En Temple, Nanjing, China

The  glazed pagoda of Dabao En Temple in Nanjing is the oldest Buddhist  temple in Chinese history. Its predecessor was the first temple built  during the reign of Chiwu (238-250 years). It is the second temple in  China after Baima Temple in Luoyang and the first one in southern China.  It became the center of Buddhism in China in Ming and Qing Dynasties,  and is also known as the three major temples of Jinling, together with  Linggu Temple and Tianjie Temple.[2]

Dabao  En Temple was built by Zhu Di, Ming Chengzu, in memory of Zhu  Yuanzhang, Taizu of Ming Dynasty, and Queen Ma. Its original site was  the first temple built in Wu Chiwu three years (240 years) and the Ayu  King Pagoda. It was the beginning of the Buddhist temple in Jiangnan and  was rebuilt in Ming Yongle ten years (1412 years). It lasted 19 years,  consuming 2485,000 silver, 100,000 military service and civilian  husbands, and the construction of Dabao En Temple was extremely  sophisticated. It was camped in accordance with the standards of the  imperial palace.Construction, brilliant, bright day and night.

The  glazed pagoda of Dabao Ensi is 78.2 meters tall. It is fired with  glaze. It has been the tallest building in China since it was built and  destroyed. It is also a miracle in the world's architectural history. It  ranks among the seven miracles in the world in the Middle Ages. It was  regarded by Westerners as a landmark building representing China at that  time. It has the reputation of "China's great antique and Yongle kiln  ware", and is called "the first Pagoda in the world".The  whole monastery is extremely large in scale, with more than 20 palaces,  148 monasteries, 118 galleries and 38 classical rooms. It is the  largest and highest-sized monastery in Chinese history.

2008In  1998, a large number of world-class cultural relics and sacred relics,  such as the "true bones on the top of Buddha", "inductive relics",  "sacred relics" and "Qibao Ayu King Pagoda", were unearthed from the  palace of Changgan Temple, the predecessor of Dabao En Temple, which  shocked the Chinese world and Buddhist circles. They are the  highest-sized, largest and most complete-preserved temple sites in  China.In 2011, it was awarded "Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China in 2010".In  2012, as the heritage site of China's Maritime Silk Road Project, it  was included in the preparatory list of China's world cultural heritage.In 2013, it was approved and promulgated by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.[3]

Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy

The  Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa or Torre di  Pisa, English: Leaning Tower of Pisa) is an independent bell tower of  the Cathedral of Pisa City, Italy, located in the Miracle Square north  of Pisa City, Tuscany Province, Italy.A  group of religious buildings are scattered on the vast lawn of the  square. They are the cathedral (built in the 1063-13th century), the  baptism hall (built in the 1153-14th century), the bell tower (that is,  the Leaning Tower of Pisa) and the cemetery (built in 1174). Their outer  walls are made of opal marble. They are relatively independent but form  a unified Roman architectural style.The Leaning Tower of Pisa is behind the Cathedral of Pisa.

The  Leaning Tower of Pisa is 58.36 meters high from the foundation to the  top of the tower, 55 meters high from the ground to the top of the  tower. The wall of the bell tower is 4.09 meters wide on the ground and  2.48 meters wide on the top of the tower. Its total weight is about  144553 tons. Its center of gravity is 22.6 meters above the foundation.The area of the circular foundation is 285 square meters, and the average pressure on the ground is 497 kPa.The inclination angle is 3.99 degrees, 2.5 meters away from the outer edge of the foundation and 4.5 meters out of the top.Tilt was first found in 1174.

Sofia Cathedral, Turkey

The  name of Sofia Cathedral in Turkey is derived from the Greek language  gamma_ alpha_ _ _ Phi alpha (God's wisdom) and the Latin language Sancta  Sophia. It was the head of the Orthodox Church, Brazil Lika, once a  mosque, and is now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey.

The cathedral is named after a saint named Sophia, so it is called "Saint Sophia" (gammaThe Greek word means God's wisdom.The Latin name is Sancta Sophia, and the Greek full name is "

Apart  from being the Cathedral of the Latin Empire from 1204 to 1261, St.  Sophia Cathedral was the Cathedral of Constantinople from 360 to 1453.

1453On May 29, 1934, St. Sophia Cathedral was converted into a mosque until it was secularized.

Engineering miracle

Engineering miracles were selected by the American Society of Civil Engineers:

panama canal

The  Panama Canal (English: Panama Canal; Spanish: Canal de Panama) is  located in Panama, a Central American country. It crosses the isthmus of  Panama and connects the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It is an  important shipping route and is known as the "World Bridge" of one of  the seven wonders of the world's seven major projects.

The  Panama Canal, 82 kilometers long and 304 meters wide, and 152 meters  narrowest, connects the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.Ferdinand  de Lessep of France, who was responsible for the construction of the  Panama Canal, started construction on January 1, 1880, but the  construction of the Suez Canal in the arid zone was quite different from  that in the tropical jungle. The high mortality rates caused by floods,  mud and tropical epidemics such as malaria and yellow fever forced the  French to abandon the plan.In 1903, the project was taken over by the United States.

1914On  August 15, 2001, the Panama Canal was officially opened, greatly  shortening the voyage between the East and west coasts of the United  States, 14,800 kilometers shorter than that around Cape Horn.In  order to build the Panama Canal, France began to pay US$300 million,  and the United States added US$375 million, excavating 177 million  earthworks, using 4.5 million concrete, and at most 40,000 workers at  the same time.

Netherlands North Sea Protection Works

The Dutch North Sea Conservation Project is one of the seven wonders of the world.Nearly a third of the Netherlands is below sea level.To prevent the invasion of the sea, they built a series of huge flood barriers.The  plan is to build a 30-kilometre-long levee in the stormy North Sea to  prevent sea water from attacking, while a freshwater lake with neither  tide nor flood risk will be built behind the levee.

The  territory of the Netherlands is very low and flat. Of more than 40,000  square kilometers of land, about 27% of the land is below sea level,  where the southeastern elevation of 200 meters is called "plateau".Living in such a territorial environment, without the protection of seawalls and riverbanks, many people will lose their homes.Historically, the people of the Netherlands suffered greatly from the North Sea, which invaded Qianliwoye into a Zeguo state.In 1282, the sea broke through the seawall and the North Sea joined Lake Volvo to form the Xudehai Sea.According  to statistics, from the 13th century to the present, the Dutch  territory has been encroached on more than 560,000 hectares by the North  Sea.But the Dutch did not give in.The Netherlands is a country with nearly a quarter of its territory below sea level.The Dutch fought against water for hundreds of years, trying to defend their land.But the land began to sink slowly.Meanwhile, sea level is rising gradually.As a result, the Dutch took extreme measures to build huge barriers to block the sea.

Empire State Building

Empire  State Building is a famous skyscraper located between 33rd West Street  and 34th West Street, 350 Manhattan Fifth Avenue, New York City, USA.

The  name originated from the nickname Empire State of New York State, so  its English name originally means New York State Building or Empire  State Building, but the translation of Empire State Building has been  agreed upon and used.Empire  State Building is one of the most famous landmarks and tourist  attractions in New York City and even the United States. It is the  fourth tallest skyscraper in the United States and the Americas and the  25th tallest skyscraper in the world. It is also the oldest skyscraper  in the world (1931-1972).The  height of the building is 381 meters and 103 floors. The antenna height  increased by 62 meters in 1951, raising its total height to 443 meters.  Designed by Shreeve, Lamb and Harmon Architecture Company, the building  was built in 1930 and completed in 1931. The construction process is  only 410 days. It is a rare record of construction speed in the world.

The  Empire State Building has been rated by the American Society of Civil  Engineers (ASCE) as one of the seven wonders of modern engineering. The  New York Landmark Committee has chosen it as the landmark of New York  City. In 1986, the building was recognized as the national historical  landmark of the United States. The building is undergoing huge cost  renovation and is striving to transform into a more energy-efficient  green building.

golden gate bridge

Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most famous bridges in the world. It is also a miracle of modern bridge engineering.The  bridge, which was designed by Joseph Struss (1870-1938), a bridge  engineer, was built over 1900 meters above the Golden Gate Strait,  California, USA, using more than 100,000 tons of steel at a cost of  $35.5 million over four years.Because of its historical value, it was co-produced by the United Kingdom and the United States in 2007.

The northern end of the Golden Gate Bridge connects Northern California and the southern end connects San Francisco Peninsula.When  the ship sailed into San Francisco and looked up from the deck, the  first thing that came into view was the huge steel tower of the bridge.The  steel tower stands on the north and south sides of the bridge, 342  meters high, with 227 meters above the water surface, equivalent to a  70-storey building.The  top of the tower is connected by two cables, 92.7 cm in diameter and  24.5 million tons in weight. The midpoint of the cables is sagging,  almost close to the bridge body. The cables and the bridge body are  connected by a thin steel rope.Both ends of the cable extend to shore and anchor in rock.The  body of the bridge is suspended in mid-air by the huge pulling force  produced by two steel cables on both sides of the bridge.The span between steel towers is 1280 meters, which is one of the rare single-hole long-span suspension bridges in the world.The  height from the sea level to the center of the bridge is about 60  meters, wide and high, so even in high tide, large vessels can be  unimpeded.

Itep Hydropower Station, Brazil

The  Itaipu Binacional (Itaipu Dam) hydropower station in Brazil is located  in the Parana River (the fifth largest river in the world with an annual  runoff of 725 billion cubic meters) along the border between Brazil and  Paraguay.It  is the second largest hydropower station in the world, built jointly by  Brazil and Paraguay. Generators and power generation are divided  equally between the two countries.At  present, there are 20 generating units (each 700,000 kW), with a total  installed capacity of 14 million kW and an annual power generation  capacity of 90 billion degrees, of which 94.86 billion degrees were  generated in 2008.It  is the second largest installed capacity and the second largest  generating capacity in the world, second only to the Three Gorges  hydropower station in China.

The  whole length of the Barana River is 5290 kilometers, with a total area  of 2.8 million square kilometers and an average annual runoff of 725  billion cubic meters.The  watershed above the Yitaipu dam site covers an area of 820,000 square  kilometers, with an average annual runoff of 286 billion cubic meters,  accounting for 28% and 39% of the total watershed, respectively.The basins above Itep are all in Brazil, with abundant water and large drop.Yitaipu  Reservoir has a total reservoir capacity of 29 billion cubic meters and  an effective reservoir capacity of 19 billion cubic meters, equivalent  to 6.6% of annual runoff.In  addition, 23 reservoirs have been built upstream, with a total  reservoir capacity of 216.9 billion cubic meters, including 126.5  billion cubic meters of effective storage capacity, equivalent to 44% of  annual runoff, so the regulation performance is very good.In  1973, the governments of Brazil and Paraguay signed an agreement to  jointly develop a section of 200 km long water resources of the boundary  river, which lasted 16 years and cost more than 17 billion US dollars.  In May 1991, the Itapp Hydropower Station, which attracted worldwide  attention, was built. The dam site controlled the basin area of 820,000  square kilometers, and the dam length was 7744 meters and 196 meters.  The Barana River was blocked at the waist, forming an area of 1350  square kilometers and a reservoir capacity of 29 billion cubic meters.Artificial lake.The average annual flow is 8500 cubic meters/s.When  the dam site is at constant water level, the width of the river is  about 400 m and the width of the low-water channel is 250 M. The bedrock  is mainly hard and intact basalt.The  total storage capacity of the power station is 29 billion cubic meters  and the effective storage capacity is 19 billion cubic meters.

Canadian National Television Tower

The CN Tower is a radio tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada."CN"  in the original English name was initially abbreviated as "Canadian  National", but now it is abbreviated as "Canada's National", but both  names are not often used.The tower is 553.33 meters high and is now the fifth tallest self-supporting building in the world.The tower is considered a landmark of Toronto and attracts more than 2 million visitors each year.

Since  its completion in 1976, the tower has been the highest building in the  Guinness Book of World Records until it was surpassed by the Halifah  Tower (Dubai Tower).But from a professional point of view, the Canadian National Television Tower is not a building, but a non-building structure.The  Canadian National Television Tower is a landmark building in Toronto  and the second tallest communication tower in the world. It has more  than 1,700 metal staircases. The tower is about the height of more than  one hundred stories.The  tower is equipped with several high-speed glass elevators with outer  cover. It takes only 58 seconds to deliver visitors from the bottom to  the top of the TV tower. On the top of the tower, you can see the whole  city of Toronto and the surrounding scenery of Lake Ontario.In  1995, the Canadian National Television Tower was recognized by the  American Civil Engineering Association as one of the seven wonders of  the world.

English Submarine Tunnel

The  Channel Tunnel (English: The Channel Tunnel, French: Le tunnel sous La  Manche), also known as the British-French undersea tunnel and the  European tunnel, is a railway tunnel connecting the British Isles to  Europe and France. It was opened on May 6, 1994.It  consists of three 51 km long parallel tunnels with a total length of  153 km, of which the length of the submarine tunnel is 3 x 38 km. It is  the second longest submarine tunnel in the world and the longest railway  tunnel in the world.The  diameter of the lining of two railway tunnels is 7.6 m and the  excavation diameter is 8.36-8.78 M. The diameter of the lining of the  middle logistic service tunnel is 4.8 m and the excavation diameter is  5.38-5.77 M.From  the Treaty of Canterbury on tunnel connection signed by France and  Britain on February 12, 1986 to the official opening of the tunnel on  May 7, 1994, it took more than eight years and cost about 10 billion  (about 15 billion). It is also the largest private capital construction  project in the world.

The tunnel crosses the English Channel, greatly shortening the time between Europe and Britain.The length of the tunnel is 50km, second only to the Tsing Hang Tunnel in Japan.The length of the seabed is 39 kilometers.It takes 35 minutes to go one way.The  trains passing through the tunnel are long-distance trains, section  trains for special highway trucks, and section trains for carrying other  highway vehicles such as buses, general cars, motorcycles and bicycles.Tunnels are operated by European Tunnel Technologies, but they are heavily indebted because of the high cost of construction.

Natural wonders

Natural wonders were proposed by Lowell Thomas, an American.

grand canyon

The Grand Canyon of Colorado, northwest of Arizona, southwest of the Colorado Plateau.The  Grand Canyon is 446 kilometers long, with an average width of 16  kilometers and the deepest depth of 1829 meters, with an average depth  of more than 1500 meters and a total area of 2724 square kilometers.In 1919, President Wilson established the Grand Canyon National Park as the Grand Canyon National Park.

The Grand Canyon is a masterpiece of the Colorado River.The  river rises in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and flows through Utah  and Arizona and into the sea from the Gulf of California, California. It  is 2320 kilometers long.Colorado,  in Spanish, means the "Red River", because of the large amount of  sediment in the river, the river often appears red, so it has the name.  In the Grand Canyon, there are 75 kinds of mammals, 50 kinds of  amphibians and reptiles, 25 kinds of fish and more than 300 kinds of  birds.The whole national park is a paradise for many animals.

Victoria Falls, Africa

Victoria  Falls in Africa, also known as Mosiotunia Falls, is located in the  middle reaches of the Zambezi River in Africa, where Zambia borders  Zimbabwe.It  is more than 1,700 meters wide (more than 5,500 feet) and 108 meters  (355 feet) high. It is one of the world's famous waterfall wonders.European Explorer David Livingstone discovered it on his journey in 1855 and named it after the Queen of England.Victoria Falls was listed in the World Heritage List in 1989.

Victoria Falls is twice as wide and as high as Niagara Falls.The average flow rate is about 935 cubic meters per second (33,000 cubic feet per second).Before  reaching the waterfall, the vast Zambezi River flows gently on the  broad and shallow basalt riverbed, then suddenly plunges from a cliff of  about 50 meters (150 feet) into a deep canyon.The  main waterfall is divided into several strands by the interriver rock  island. The spray splashes up to 300 meters (1,000 feet) and can be seen  from 65 kilometers (40 miles) away.Every new moon rises, the water mist reflects a brilliant rainbow, the scenery is very charming.The sound of the waterfall is thunderous. The local Kalolo-Lozi people call it Mosi-oa-tunya, which means "thunderbolt fog".According  to textual research, as far back as AD 90, a small number of  agricultural population settled on both sides of the Zambezi River.Most aborigines live within 128 kilometers (80 miles) of the falls.

Glacier Bay, Alaska, USA

Alaska  Glacier Bay National Park is located in Alaska, USA. (The border  between Alaska and British Columbia is here; that is, 3.2 kilometers in  the first half of the glacier belongs to the United States, and the  whole glacier area after that belongs to Canada.)Fifty  miles from old New Zealand, covering an area of 3.3 million hectares,  surrounded by steep mountains, can only be reached by boat or plane.

There are countless icebergs, whales and skinny boats of the Eskimos.Glacier Bay tourists live there in tents or in country cottages.According to the inscription, one of the most fascinating sights of Glacier Bay National Park is the glacier in the huge bay.Muir Glacier  was the first scientist to study glaciers carefully. He came here  several times since 1879 and was conquered by the beautiful and rich  glaciers here.Since the  time of the Muir expedition, the glacier coastal bay has moved far  northward, and this phenomenon has been found elsewhere in the northern  hemisphere.

Mengma Cave, USA

Mammoth Cave  National Park, located in southwestern Kentucky, east-central United  States, covers 51,000 acres. The cave is about 150 miles long and is  still expanding by 2013, which is inconceivable.When and when can such a huge cave be completed?Because of its huge size, the cave was named "Mammoth Cave" after the mammoth mammoth in ancient times.

Mammoth Cave  is the longest cave in the world. Located in Mammoth Cave National Park  in central Kentucky, it is one of the world's natural heritage sites.The Mammoth  Cave is named after the mammoth mammoth, a Mammoth Cave with long hair.  As of 2006, the length of the cave has been found to be nearly 600  kilometers, and how long is still being explored.

Mount Qomolangma

Mount  Qomolangma, the main peak of the Himalayas, lies on the border between  China and Nepal. Its northern slope is in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of  China and its southern slope is in Nepal.In Tibetan, "Zhumu" means the goddess, and "Langma" means the third.Because there are four other peaks near Mt. Everest, Mt. Everest ranks third, so it is called Mt. Everest.

Everest is  the highest mountain in the world. According to the 2005 National Bureau  of Surveying and Mapping of China, the rock level is 8844.43 meters  (29017.2 feet), while Nepal uses the traditional snow cover of 8848  meters (29029 feet). Since 2010, the two countries have officially  recognized each other's measurement data.Apart from being the highest mountain at elevation, it is also the fifth farthest from the center of the earth.

Lake Baikal

Ozero Bajkal, the deepest freshwater lake in the world, is also known as the oldest lake in the world.

Lake Baikal is a bright pearl of nature in Irkutsk, southeastern Russia.Lake Baikal is the largest freshwater lake in Eurasia.It is 640  kilometers long and 50 kilometers wide on average. It is the seventh  largest lake in the world and the deepest lake in the world.

It holds one fifth of the total fresh water of the earth, which should refer to the fresh water of rivers and lakes.It is equivalent to the total amount of water in the Great Lakes of North America.Data of  China Digital Library: The deepest part is 1637 meters, the other two  materials are 1620 meters and 1640 meters respectively, and the volume  is 23,000 cubic kilometers.The lake has beautiful scenery, peculiar scenery and rich species. It is a treasure house with rich natural resources.Lake Baikal is shaped like a crescent moon, so it is also known as "Moon Lake".Its average  width is about 48 kilometers, its north-south length is about 636  kilometers, its circumference is 2,000 kilometers, and its total area is  about 315,000 square kilometers.Lake Baikal,  the ninth largest lake in the world in terms of its area, is one of the  oldest lakes in the world (25 million years old, according to its  history).

Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone  is located on the lava plateau between the North Rocky Mountains and the  Middle Rocky Mountains in the western United States, most of which are  in the northwest of Wyoming.Elevation 2134-2438 meters, an area of 8956 square kilometers.Huangshi  River and Huangshi Lake run through them, including canyons, waterfalls,  hot springs and intermittent fountains, etc. The scenery is beautiful  and fascinating.Among them, the Honest Spring, which sprays water every hour, is the most famous.The park is densely forested, and some remaining wildlife, such as bison, are kept for human viewing.There is a museum of historical sites in the park.

The natural  landscape of the park is divided into five areas, namely, Mamer  District, Roosevelt District, Canyon District, Geyser District and Lake  District.

new seven wonders

The results  of the "New Seven Miracles" of the world were announced in Lisbon,  Portugal. The Great Wall of China ranked first among the "New Seven  Miracles" with the largest number of votes.Apart from  the Great Wall of China, the ancient city of Petra in Jordan, the statue  of Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Inca site in Machu Picchu,  Peru, the Colosseum in ancient Rome, Italy, the Ichamaya city-state site  in Chichen, Mexico and the Taj Mahal in India were also selected as the  "New Seven Wonders" of the world.

The "New Seven Miracles" competition was initiated by the NGO "New Seven Miracles Foundation".At the  beginning of last year, the Foundation launched a worldwide selection  campaign to select seven of the 21 world attractions as the "New Seven  Miracles" by voting on the Internet, telephone and mobile phone  messages.Organizers say more than 90 million people voted.Although the  selection is not recognized by UNESCO and other authoritative bodies,  it has at least played a positive role in the protection of ancient  cultural heritage.

As Egypt  firmly opposes the Pyramid as a candidate for the New Seven Miracles,  the New Seven Miracles Foundation has decided to use the Pyramid as an  honorary candidate rather than a voter.The  Acropolis of Athens, Greece, was unexpectedly defeated, while Rio de  Janeiro, Brazil, built in 1931, was also a surprise to many.

Short list

"Seven Wonders of the New World" candidate attractions:

Acropolis Acropolis, Athens (450 BC - 330 BC), Greece

Alhambra Alhambra Palace (12th century) Granada, Spain

Angkor Angkor Wat (12th century) Cambodia

Chichen Itza Chichen Itza Itza Pyramid (800 A.D.) Yucata Peninsula, Mexico

Christ Redeemer Rio de Janeiro Statue of Christ (1931) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Colosseum  Colosseum Colosseum Colosseum Colosseum Colosseum Colosseum Colosseum  Colosseum Colosseum Colosseum Colosseum Colosseum Colosseum Colosseum  Colosseum Colosseum Colosseum Colosseum Col

Easter Island Statues Easter Island Colossus (10th-16th centuries) Easter Island, Chile

Eiffel Tower Eiffel Tower (1887-1889) Paris, France

Great Wall (220 B.C. and 1368 A.D. - 1644 A.D.) China

Hagia Sophia St. Sophia Cathedral (532-537 A.D.) Istanbul, Turkey

Kyoto, Kiyomizu Temple (749-1855), Japan

Kremlin/St. Basil Kremlin and Red Square (1156-1850) Moscow, Russia

Machu Picchu Inca Machu Site (1460-1470) Machu Picchu, Peru

Neuschwanstein Castle New Swan Castle (1869-1884) Fossen, Germany

Petra Petra (9 B.C. - 40 A.D.) Petra, Jordan

Pyramids of Giza Ancient Egyptian Pyramid (2600 BC-2500 BC) Cairo, Egypt

Statue of Liberty Statue of Liberty (1886) New York, USA

Stonehenge Stonehenge Stonehenge Prehistoric Stonehenge (3000 BC-1600 BC) Amsbury, England

Sydney Opera House Sydney Opera House (1954-73) Sydney, Australia

Taj Mahal Taj Mahal Mahal (1630 A.D.) Agra, India

Result

Great Wall

Ancient City of Petra, Jordan

Christ Redeemer

Peru's Machu Picchu

Colosseum

Mexico Chichen Ichamaya City State Site

Taj Mahal, India